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This report contains tabulations of responses from the 2015 Workplace and Gender Relations Survey of Reserve Component Members (2015 WGRR) conducted from August 7 to October 19, 2015. The 2015 WGRR continues a line of military sex...
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This report contains tabulations of responses from the 2015 Workplace and Gender Relations Survey of Reserve Component Members (2015 WGRR) conducted from August 7 to October 19, 2015. The 2015 WGRR continues a line of military sexual assault and sexual harassment research begun in 1988. DMDC conducted Joint Service surveys of active duty members on gender issues in 1988, 1995, 2002, 2006, 2010, and 2012. DMDC expanded this line of research to the Reserve Components in 2004, 2008, and 2012 and to the Service Academies in 2005, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, and 2014. Historically, DMDC gender relations surveys have been designed to estimate the perceived level of sexual harassment and sexual assault in the Services and to provide new information on a variety of consequences of sexual harassment and sexual assault experiences.
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This Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) document provides a concise overview of current knowledge regarding management of subsurface contaminant releases using monitored natural attenuation (MNA). The envisioned audience includes s...
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This Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) document provides a concise overview of current knowledge regarding management of subsurface contaminant releases using monitored natural attenuation (MNA). The envisioned audience includes state regulators, federal regulators, industry, consultants, DoD staff, and members of the local community involved in selecting remedies for contaminated sites. The intended value of the document is to provide current knowledge in support of sound decisions. In the interest of brevity, the FAQs assume that the reader has a general understanding of hydrogeology, the movement of chemicals in porous media, remediation technologies, and the remedy selection process.
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Passive soil vapor extraction (PSVE) is an enhanced attenuation (EA) approach that removes volatile contaminants from soil. The extraction is driven by natural pressure gradients between the subsurface and atmosphere (Barometric P...
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Passive soil vapor extraction (PSVE) is an enhanced attenuation (EA) approach that removes volatile contaminants from soil. The extraction is driven by natural pressure gradients between the subsurface and atmosphere (Barometric Pumping), or by renewable sources of energy such as wind or solar power (Assisted PSVE). The technology is applicable for remediating sites with low levels of contamination and for transitioning sites from active source technologies such as active soil vapor extraction (ASVE) to natural attenuation. PSVE systems are simple to design and operate and are more cost effective than active systems in many scenarios. Thus, PSVE is often appropriate as an interim-remedial or polishing strategy. Over the past decade, PSVE has been demonstrated in the U.S. and in Europe. These demonstrations provide practical information to assist in selecting, designing and implementing the technology. These demonstrations indicate that the technology can be effective in achieving remedial objectives in a timely fashion. The keys to success include: (1) Application at sites where the residual source quantities, and associated fluxes to groundwater, are relatively low; (2) Selection of the appropriate passive energy source - barometric pumping in cases with a deep vadose zone and barrier (e.g., clay) layers that separate the subsurface from the atmosphere and renewable energy assisted PSVE in other settings and where higher flow rates are required. (3) Provision of sufficient access to the contaminated vadose zones through the spacing and number of extraction wells.
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Over the past 30 years we have made enormous progress in managing a legacy of inadvertent releases of chlorinated solvents to subsurface soils and groundwater. First, adverse exposure to chlorinated solvents has been eliminated at...
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Over the past 30 years we have made enormous progress in managing a legacy of inadvertent releases of chlorinated solvents to subsurface soils and groundwater. First, adverse exposure to chlorinated solvents has been eliminated at almost all sites where chlorinated solvent releases occurred. Second, our understanding of the behavior of chlorinated solvents in subsurface environments has advanced to a state approaching maturity. Last, the cost and performance of a diverse set of remedies is largely understood. Unfortunately, despite our successes, challenges remain. In particular, far too often employed remedies fail to achieve closure and unanticipated further action is expected. At some DoD facilities this scenario has progressed through multiple iterations. The perceived 'whirlpool' creates a sense that we are using available resources inefficiently. Considering the finite resources available for cleanup and currently available knowledge, it is clear that we must and can manage chlorinated solvent releases more successfully in the future. Perceiving an opportunity to 'do better,' the Department of Defense's (DoD) Environmental Security and Technology Certification Program (ESTCP) funded development of this guide to selecting remedies for chlorinated solvent releases and a companion document titled 'Frequently Asked Questions About Managing Releases of Chlorinated Solvents to Soils and Groundwater.' The overarching objective of both documents is to provide easy access to knowledge that supports sound decisions and frequent successes with managing subsurface releases. This document is targeted at individuals involved in selecting remedies for chlorinated solvents releases. In the case of DoD sites, this typically involves state regulators, federal regulators, consultants, DoD staff, and members of the local community. Addressing this audience reflects the fact that these parties select remedies, access performance, and ultimately hold the responsibility for results.
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This is a technical resource to guide waste site owners, regulators, stakeholders, or other interested parties through the process of evaluating attenuation-based remedies for sites contaminated with inorganic or radionuclide cont...
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This is a technical resource to guide waste site owners, regulators, stakeholders, or other interested parties through the process of evaluating attenuation-based remedies for sites contaminated with inorganic or radionuclide contaminants. It is a product of the Attenuation-Based Remedies for the Subsurface Applied Field Research Initiative led by the Savannah River National Laboratory and funded through the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Environmental Management. The scenarios approach exploits important traits that waste sites may have in common that allow them to be grouped into six categories or scenarios. The common traits of each scenario are parameters or characteristics that are important to attenuation of inorganic and radionuclide contaminants. A single waste site may host multiple scenarios, each occurring in different segments of a contaminant plume or predicted to occur at different points in time during the evolution of the waste site.
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